General Secretary

Christina Lockyer
Tel: +47 77687372
christina@nammco.no
Christina Lockyer (née Grzegorzewska), born 10th April 1947, is British, and was educated in England: B.Sc. (Hons), Biology -1968 at the University of East Anglia, M.Phil., Zoology - 1972 at the University of London, and Sc.D., Zoology - 1989 at the University of East Anglia. She stepped into office as General Secretary of NAMMCO on 1st March 2005. Formerly she has been employed as a principal scientist by the Natural Environment Research Council in the United Kingdom between 1968 and 1996, and since 1977 at their Sea Mammal Research Unit, originally based in Cambridge, England. From April 1996 until January 2003, she was employed as a senior scientist at the Department of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture at the former Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Charlottenlund in Denmark, after which she launched her own biological consultancy firm Age Dynamics investigating and teaching age determination methods and life history in marine mammals.
Her research encompasses population biology, behaviour and ecosystem energetics of large and small whales, and she has an extensive scientific publications record. Her work has included visits to the Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory, Shimizu, Japan for 3 months in 1977, and NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center in La Jolla and Sea World Research Institute in San Diego, USA for 3 years between 1988-1990.
She has regularly been involved in advisory committees to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) since the early 1970s, ICES and the Agreement on Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS) of which she was Secretary between 1992 and 1996. Between 1989 and 1991, she was elected President of the worldwide Society for Marine Mammalogy whose membership numbers around 2,000 scientists. She was elected Chairman of the European Cetacean Society with a membership of about 500 scientists, between 1997 and 2003.
She has been involved as international coordinator of the EU-funded EPIC (Project DGXIV 97/0006) and earlier as Danish coordinator in BYCARE (EU FAIR contract CT05-0523), investigating marine mammal - fisheries interactions and by-catch mitigation which subsequently lead to the introduction of acoustic deterrents in Danish North Sea set-net fisheries to prevent harbour porpoise incidental catches.
Currently, in addition to her full-time position as General Secretary of NAMMCO, she continues to run international practical courses on marine mammal biology in universities and research institutions, in conjunction with Age Dynamics, and acts as occasional scientific consultant to the European Commission and various international organisations.
She has two adult children, three grandchildren and two cats. Her interests include fitness training, teaching Pilates, scuba-diving, snorkeling, sea kayaking, music and dancing.

Recent publications:
Rosel, P.E., Frantzis, A., Lockyer,C. and A. Komnenou. 2003. The Source of Aegean Sea Harbour Porpoises. Marine Ecology Progress Series 247:257-261.
Lockyer, C. and M. Müller. 2003. Solitary, yet sociable. Pp. 138-150. In, Between species: celebrating the dolphin-human bond, eds. Frohoff, T. and Peterson, B., Sierra Club books, San Francisco, 361pp.
Lockyer, C. 2003. A review of methods for defining population structure in the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). NAMMCO Scientific Publications volume 5:41-69.
Lockyer, C., Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., Jensen, J. and M.J. Walton. 2003. Life history and ecology of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena, L.) from West Greenland. NAMMCO Scientific Publications volume 5:177-194.
Lockyer, C. 2003. Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Atlantic: Biological parameters. NAMMCO Scientific Publications volume 5: 71-89.
Lockyer, C. and C. Kinze. 2003. Status, ecology and life history of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Danish waters. NAMMCO Scientific Publications volume 5:143-175.
Lockyer, C., Desportes, G., Anderson, K., Labberté, S. and U. Siebert. 2003. Monitoring growth and energy utilisation of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in human care. NAMMCO Scientific Publications volume 5:107-120.
Lockyer, C. and H. Andreasen. 2004. Diet of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Danish waters. European Research on Cetaceans 15:260-268.
Borrell, A., Aguilar, A., Cantos, G., Lockyer, C., Heide-Jørgensen, M.P. and J. Jensen. 2004. Organochlorine residues in harbour porpoises from Southwest Greenland. Environmental Pollution 128 (2004):381-391.
Strand, J., Larsen, M.M. and C. Lockyer. 2005. Accumulation of organotin compounds and mercury in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Danish waters and West Greenland. Science of the Total Environment 350 (2005):59-71.
Lockyer, C. 2006. Cetacean feeding, growth, and energetics in relation to the marine ecosystem - implications for management? In, Whaling and History II: New Perspectives, ed. J.E.Ringstad, pp. 101-111. Publication no 31, Kommander Chr. Christensens Hvalfangstmuseum, Sandefjord, 192 pp.
Tornero, V., Borrell, Aguilar, A., Forcada, J. and Lockyer, C. 2006. Organochlorine contaminant and retinoid levels in blubber of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) off northwestern Spain. Environmental Pollution 140(2):312-321.
Lockyer, C. 2007. All creatures great and smaller: a study in cetacean life history energetics. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K. 87:1035-1045.
Lockyer, C., Hohn, A.A., Doidge, D.W., Heide-Jørgensen, M.P. and Suydam, R. 2007. Age Determination in Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) – a Quest for Validation of Dentinal Layering. Aquatic Mammals 33(3), 293-304.
Luque, P.L., Pierce, G.J., Learmouth, J.A., Santos, M.B., Ieno, E., López, A., Reid, R.J., Rogan, E., Gonzáles, A.F., Boon, J., Law, R.J. and C.H.Lockyer. 2009. Dentinal anomalies in teeth of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from Scottish waters: are they linked to sexual maturation and environmental events? J.Marine Biol. Assoc. UK 89 (Special Issue 5):893-902.
Lockyer, C. and Pike, D. Eds. 2009. North Atlantic Sightings Surveys – Counting whales in the North Atlantic 1987-2001. NAMMCO Scientific Publications 7, 244 pp.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, S.N., Aars, J., Andersen, M., Lockyer, C. and Yoccoz, N.G. 2010. Accuracy and precision in estimation of age of Norwegian Arctic polar bears (Ursus maritimus) using dental cementum layers from known-age individuals. Polar Biol.33(5):589-597.
Gabriele, C.M., Lockyer, C., Straley, J.M., Jurasz, C.M. and Kato, H. 2010. Sighting History of a Naturally-marked Humpback Whale suggests Ear Plug Growth Layer Groups are deposited Annually. Marine Mammal Science 26(2):443-450.
Wiemann, A., Berggren, P., Andersen, L.W., Siebert, U., Benke, H., Teilmann, J., Lockyer, C., Kuklik, I., Skora, K., Roos, A., Lyrholm, T., Paulus, K.B., Ketmaier ,V., and Tiedemann, R. 2010. Mitochondrial Control Region and microsatellite analyses on Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) unravel population differentiation in the Baltic Sea and adjacent waters. Conservation Genetics 11:195–211.
Best, P.B., Meÿer, M.A. and Lockyer, C. 2010. Killer whales in South African waters — a review of their biology. African Journal of Marine Science 32(2): 171–186.
Fernández-Contreras, M. M., Cardona, L., Lockyer, C. H. and Aguilar, A. 2010. Incidental bycatch of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) by pair trawlers off northwestern Spain. ICES J. Marine Science 67 (8): 1732-1738.
Lockyer, C., Mackey, B., Read, F., Härkönen, T. and Hasselmeier, I. 2010. Age determination methods in harbour seals with a review of methods applicable to carnivores. NAMMCO Scientific Publications 8: 245-264.
Galatius, A., Dietz, R., Rigét, F.F., Sonne, C., Kinze, C.K., Lockyer, C. and Bossi, R. 2011. Temporal and life history related trends of perfluorochemicals in harbor porpoises from the Danish North Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1476-1483.
Frie, A.K., Fagerheim, K.A.,  Hammill, M.O.,  Kapel, F.O., Lockyer, C., Stenson, G.B., Rosing-Asvid, A., and Svetochev, V. 2011. Error patterns in age estimation of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus): results from a transatlantic, image-based, blind-reading experiment using known-age teeth. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68(9):1942–1953.
Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., Iversen, M., Hjort Nielsen, N. Lockyer, C. Stern, H. and Hvid Ribergaard, M. 2011. Harbour porpoises respond to climate change. Ecology and Evolution doi: 10.1002/ece3.51, 7pp.
Murphy, S., Trevor R. Spradlin, T. R., Mackey, B., McVee, J., Androukaki, E., Tounta, E., Karamanlidis, A. A., Dendrinos, P., Joseph, E., Lockyer, C. and Matthiopoulos, J. 2012. Age estimation, growth and age-related mortality of Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus). Endangered Species Research 16:149-163.
Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Harvey, P., Lockyer, C. and Mikkelsen, B. 2012. Life history of Risso’s Dolphin, Grampus griseus (G. Cuvier, 1812) in the Faroe Islands. Aquatic Mammals 38(3): 250-266, doi: 10.1578/AM.38.3.2012.250.
Nielsen, N.H., Garde, E., Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., Lockyer, C.H., Ditlevsen, S., Òlafsdottír, D. and Hansen, S.H. 2012. Application of a novel method for age estimation of a baleen whale and a porpoise. Marine Mammal Science doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00588.x.
Frie, A.K., Hammill, M.O., Hauksson, E., Lind, Y., Lockyer, C., Stenman, O. and Svetocheva, O. 2012. Error patterns in age estimation and tooth readability assignment of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus): results from a transatlantic, image-based, blind-reading study using known-age animals. ICES Journal of Marine Science; doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss169.

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